11^th World Congress on Human Genetics and Genetic Diseases July 10-11, 2023 Dubai, UAE

The area of medical genetics and immunology known as "immunogenetics" or "immungenetics" studies how the immune system and genetics are related. Type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune illnesses are complicated genetic features brought on by immune system flaws.

Phylogenetics is a potent method for determining how modern species have evolved. Scientists can explain the similarities and differences between species and learn more about how species have developed by looking at phylogenetic trees. Numerous medical and biological disciplines use phylogenetics, such as forensic science, conservation biology, epidemiology, drug discovery, drug design, protein structure and function prediction, and gene function prediction.

In order to better understand how species arose and to discover the function of genes and noncoding areas in genomes, comparative genomics compares the entire genetic makeup of two organisms directly.

Comparative genomics provides fresh insight into genome evolution and the way natural selection shapes DNA sequence evolution by analysing genome sequences from various species.

Clinical genetics is a branch of medicine that offers genetic counseling and diagnostic services to people or families who have or may develop illnesses that have a genetic foundation. Genetic disorders can affect every body system in any age group. The goal of genetic services is to assist people who have or are at risk for genetic disorders in living and reproducing as normally as possible.

The approaches for predicting gene function, which automatically annotate genes with information about their functions by utilizing available resources, can be broadly categorized into experimental data-based methods and knowledge-based methods. First, a lot of techniques based on experimental data were applied.

Protein-coding genes, as well as other functional genome units like structural RNAs, tRNAs, short RNAs, pseudogenes, regulatory areas, direct and inverted repeats, insertion sequences, transposons, and other mobile elements, are predicted as part of the  multi-level process of genome annotation level process of genome annotation.

The Genome Integrity Unit focuses on cancer and early development with particular interest in how cells retain the health of their DNA. Cells respond to DNA damage by using a precise DNA repair process to preserve genomic integrity.

With conceptual and methodological input from epidemiology, genetic epidemiology initially grew out of population genetics, specifically human quantitative genetics. It is relatively recent field of study, aims to clarify how genetic and environmental variables interact to cause disease in populations.

Four main types of research study designs are used to conduct the tests of analytical epidemiology;

Genetic anomalies like gene mutations or extra chromosomes can cause genetic illnesses.Regardless of time zone and latitude, there are some genetic faults that occur most frequently worldwide for a variety of reasons, leading to prevalent or common genetic diseases. Professionals have discovered some of the current best strategies for identifying, treating, and perhaps even preventing some genetic illnesses by compiling the following evidence-based statistical findings.

Fatal alleles, often known as lethal genes or lethal, are alleles that result in the demise of the carrying organism. They frequently occur from mutations in genes that are crucial for development or growth. Depending on the gene or genes involved, lethal alleles might be recessive, dominant, or conditional. Lethal alleles can kill an organism before or after birth, however, they typically show up early in development.

Our understanding of the processes by which nutrition impacts the metabolic pathways underlying homeostatic control has increased thanks to nutrigenomics. This can then be used to identify naturally existing chemical components in food that may delay the onset of diseases including cancer, type-2 diabetes, and obesity.  Based on genetics, nutrigenetics studies how your body reacts to foods.

The field of science, cancer genetics focuses on identifying the genes and metabolic processes that promote the growth of cancer. In addition, networks and pathways that contribute to tumor growth as well as the interactions between cancer genes that support tumor evolution are of concern to cancer genetics.

Gene therapy is a medical strategy that addresses the underlying genetic issue in order to treat or prevent disease. Instead of utilizing drugs or surgery, gene therapy procedures allow doctors to treat a problem by changing a person's genetic composition.

Ex vivo, in vivo, and in situ gene therapy are the three main subtypes. Ex vivo gene therapy involves removing the patient's affected cells and modifying them genetically. In vitro gene therapy is another name for this sort of treatment, which is especially useful for blood illnesses. There is one last gene therapy plan in which the viral vector is given directly to the patient.

Research in neurogenetics advances knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of both normal and pathological nervous system function. efforts to comprehend the genetic basis of brain problems.

Methods used for analysis;

Pharmacogenomics, also known as pharmacogenetics, is the branch of science that looks at how a person's genes influence how they react to pharmaceuticals. Its long-term objective is to assist physicians in choosing the medications and dosages that are ideal for each patient. Each year, severe medication responses lead to more than 120,000 hospitalizations, according to estimates. By locating people who are at danger, pharmacogenomics may be able to stop these. The effectiveness and expense of healthcare may both increase. Pharmacogenomics may make it easier to find the right drugs and dosages

Heart failure symptoms may be caused by inherited genetic abnormalities that alter the structure of the heart muscle. The electrical system of the heart can be impacted by gene abnormalities as well, which may result in irregular cardiac rhythms.

The study of genetic diversity within and between populations, as well as the evolutionary processes that account for this variation, is known as population genetics. It is based on the Hardy-Weinberg law, which holds true as long as there is a sizable population, random mating, and minimal mutation, selection, and migration.

Tools (software) used for population genetics analysis

Biochemical genetics combines genetics with biochemistry. The structure and function of cellular components, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, as well as their roles and transformations during life processes, are a major focus of biochemistry. Clinicians must have a fundamental understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of biochemical testing in order to interpret test results, decide when to visit a specialist, or explain results to patients.

The area of medicine known as medical genetics deals with the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary diseases. Human genetics is a branch of science that may or may not have applications in medicine, whereas medical genetics refers to the use of genetics in the delivery of medical treatment. Research on the causes and transmission of genetic illnesses, for instance, would fall within the scope of both human genetics and medical genetics, whereas the diagnosis, treatment, and counselling of those who have genetic abnormalities would fall under the purview of medical genetics.

You can learn more about genetic diseases and how they might impact you or your family through genetic counseling. Your personal and family health history will be gathered by the genetic counselor or other healthcare provider. They can use this data to assess the likelihood that you or a member of your family has a genetic disorder. 

The basic genetic blueprint for all living things is found in DNA. Recent research demonstrates that yoga not only has the advantages like, but also profoundly affects how genes work. This results from non-genetic effects and is referred to as an epigenetic effect.