4^th World Congress on Human Genetics and Genetic Diseases April 19-20, 2018 Dubai, UAE

Track 2: Genetic Diseases

Genetic diseases may be hereditary, passed down from the parents genes. In other genetic diseases, defects may be caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA. In that case, the defect will only be passed down if it occurs in the germ line. The same disease such as some forms of cancer may be caused by an inherited genetic condition in some people, by new mutations in other people, and mainly by the environmental causes in other people. A genetic disease is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth congenital. Most genetic diseases are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions.

Sickle-cell disorder takes place when someone inherits two bizarre copies of the haemoglobin gene, one from each parent. This gene takes place in chromosome eleven. Several subtypes exist, relying on the exact mutation in every haemoglobin gene. An assault may be activate by using temperature modifications, strain, dehydration, and high altitude. A individual with a unmarried extraordinary reproduction does not commonly have symptoms and is stated to have sickle-cell trait.

Thalassemia is a genetic disorder  which is caused as a result of abnormal haemoglobin production. Thalassemia are genetic disease inherited from a person's dad and mom. There are  most important type, alpha thalassemia and beta thalassemia. The severity of alpha and beta thalassemia relies upon on how among the four genes for alpha globin or two genes for beta globin are lacking.

Track 5: Evolutionary genetics

Evolutionary genetics is the broad field of studies that resulted from the integration of geneticsand Darwinian evolution, called the modern synthesis. The force of mutation is the ultimate source of new genetic variation within populations. Although most mutations are neutral with no effect on fitness or harmful, some mutations have a small, positive effect on fitness and these variants are raw materials for gradualist adaptive evolution. Within finite populations, random genetic drift and natural selection affect the mutational variation. Natural selection is the only evolutionary force which can produce adaptation, the fit between organism and environment, or conserve genetic states over very long periods of time in the face of the dispersive forces of mutation and drift.

Track 6: Molecular Biology 

Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the processes of replication, transcription, translation, and cell function. Molecular biology concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between the biomolecules in various systems of a cell, gene sequencing and this includes the interactions between the DNA, RNA and proteins and their biosynthesis. In molecular biology the researchers use specific techniques native to molecular biology, increasingly combine these techniques and ideas from the genetics and biochemistry.

Track 7: Gene Mutation

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extra chromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. Mutations result from errors during DNA replication or other types of damage to DNA, which then may undergo error-prone repair or cause an error during other forms of repair, or else may cause an error during replication translation synthesis. Mutations may also result from insertion or deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic elements. Mutations may or may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics phenotype of an organism. Mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal biological processes including: evolution, cancer, and the development of the immune system, including functional diversity. The genomes of RNA viruses are based on RNA rather than DNA. The RNA viral genome can be double stranded DNA or single stranded. In some of these viruses such as the single stranded human immunodeficiency virus replication occurs quickly and there are no mechanisms to check the genome for accuracy.

Track 8: Molecular Genetics

 Molecular genetics is the sector of biology that research the structure and characteristic of genes at a molecular stage and hence employs strategies of each molecular biology and genetics. The study of chromosomes and gene expression of an organism can give insight into heredity, genetic variant, and mutations. This is useful in the observe of developmental biology and in expertise and treating genetic illnesses.

Track 7: Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis "pipelines" that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the genetic disease, unique adaptations, and desirable properties in agricultural species, or differences between populations. In a less formal way, bioinformatics also tries to understand the organizational principles within nucleic acid and protein sequences, called proteomics.

Track 10: Molecular Modeling

Molecular modeling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behavior of molecules. The methods are used in the fields of computational chemistry, drug design, computational biology and materials science to study molecular systems ranging from small chemical systems to large biological molecules and material assemblies. The simplest calculations can be performed by hand, but inevitably computers are required to perform molecular modeling of any reasonably sized system. The common feature of molecular modeling methods is the atomistic level description of the molecular systems.

Track 11: Gene Sequencing

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases is: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, in a strand of DNA. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery. Knowledge of DNA sequences has become indispensable for basic biological research, and in numerous applied fields such as medical diagnosis, biotechnology, forensic biology, virology and biological systematics. The rapid speed of sequencing attained with modern DNA sequencing technology has been instrumental in the sequencing of complete DNA sequences, or genomes of numerous types and species of life, including the human genome and other complete DNA sequences of many animal, plants, and microbial species.

Track 12: Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics is the study of germ line mutations, the single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting genes coding for liver enzymes responsible for drug deposition and pharmacokinetics, whereas pharmacogenomics refers to somatic mutations in tumoral DNAleading to alteration in drug response KRAS mutations in patients treated with anti-Her1 biologics. Pharmacogenetics is an inherited genetic difference in drug metabolic pathways which can affect individual responses to drugs, both in terms of therapeutic effect as well as adverse effects. The term Pharmacogenetics is often used interchangeably with the term pharmacogenomics which also investigates the role of acquired and inherited geneticdifferences in relation to drug response and drug behavior through a systematic examination of genes, gene products, and inter- and intra-individual variation in gene expression and function

Track 13: Immunogenetics

Immunogenetics is the branch of medical research that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. Autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are complex genetic traits which result from defects in the immune system. Identification of genes defining the immune defects may identify new target genes for therapeutic approaches. Alternatively, genetic variations can also help to define the immunological pathway leading to disease.

Track 14: Epigenetics

Epigenetics are stable heritable traits that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics often refers to changes in a chromosome that affect gene activity and expression, but can also be used to describe any heritable phenotypic change that does not derive from a modification of the genome, such as prions. Such effects on cellular and physiological phenotypic traits may result from external or environmental factors, or be part of normal developmental program. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. These epigenetic changes may last through cell divisions for the duration of the cell's life, and may also last for multiple generations even though they do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave or "express themselves" differently.

 Track 15: Translational Medicine

Translational medicine is a rapidly growing discipline in biomedical research and aims to expedite the discovery of new diagnostic tools and treatments by using a multi-disciplinary, highly collaborative; "bench-to-bedside" approach. Within public health, translational medicine is focused on ensuring that proven strategies for disease treatment and prevention are actually implemented within the community. One prevalent description of translational medicine, first introduced by the Institute of Medicine's Clinical Research Roundtable, highlights two roadblocks that is distinct areas in need of improvement the first translational block (T1) prevents basic research findings from being tested in a clinical setting; the second translational block (T2) prevents proven interventions from becoming standard practice. The National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) was established within the NIH to "transform the translational science process so that new treatments and cures for disease can be delivered to patients faster.

Track 16: Stem cell Transplantation

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation  is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood. It may be autologous the patient's own stem cells are used, allogeneic the stem cells come from a donor or syngeneic from an identical twin. It is a medical procedure in the field of hematology, most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia. In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of allogeneic .

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer, such as autoimmune diseases and hereditary skeletal dysplasia’s notably malignant infantile osteoporosis and mucopolysaccharidosis.